附錄一:詞彙表(Glossary)#
以下詞彙表整理自原書 Glossary,內容主要承襲 Harvard Business Essentials: Managing Projects Large and Small(product #3213),Harvard Business Review Press, 2004。
規劃與啟動相關#
- 章程(Charter):專案預期工作的簡明書面描述。常含:發起人姓名、對組織的效益、目標描述、預期時程、預算
- 發起人(Sponsor):在公司高層擁護專案、掃除障礙、且對結果負責的人
- 指導委員會(Project Steering Committee):批准章程、爭取資源、裁決所有對交付物/時程/預算變更請求的群體
- 專案管理辦公室(Project Management Office, PMO):大型公司常設置的辦公室,建立流程與範本、提供諮詢與訓練、有時直接管理個別專案
- 啟動(Launch):標誌專案正式開始的特殊會議或事件
範疇與規劃技巧#
- 工作分解結構(Work Breakdown Structure, WBS):把專案目標拆解為達成所需的眾多任務,並估算各任務的時間與成本
- 變異(Variance):實際結果與預期結果(如預算)之間的正向或負向差距,用以發現麻煩或卓越表現
- 範疇蔓延(Scope creep):受利害關係人壓力影響,允許超出原範疇的變更,可能拖累時程、品質、預算
- 範疇蔓延停車場(Scope creep parking lot):把過程中冒出的新點子「停」進清單,留待日後重檢,避免脫軌
排程工具#
- 關鍵路徑法(Critical Path Method, CPM):用於含多項活動的複雜專案的規劃技巧。關鍵路徑決定整體工期
- 甘特圖(Gantt chart):以條狀呈現各任務起訖時點
- PERT 圖(Performance Evaluation and Review Technique):以節點代表每項任務,呈現所有重要任務關係與專案里程碑
- 網路圖(Network diagram):呈現任務間關係並顯示關鍵路徑的排程圖;通常與 PERT 圖同義
監控與決策#
- 管理 review(Management review):利害關係人同時檢視多個專案(也分項檢視)以評估整體 portfolio 與系統性弱點的會議
- Tollgate review(又稱 stage-gate / phase-gate review):團隊匯報前一階段成果並提出下階段計畫,由利害關係人決定批准、改向或取消的會議
- 技術 review(Technical review,又稱 peer review):由獨立專家團隊深入分析,確保工作之準確、完整、符合品質標準
- 紅綠燈圖表(Stoplight chart):以紅、黃、綠呈現各活動狀態的監控工具
- Punchlist:團隊與關鍵利害關係人共同核可的「最後行動清單」
收尾相關#
- 後評估(Post-evaluation):team debrief、文件化流程、學習與分享教訓的會議——又稱 lessons-learned session、postmortem、after-action review
經濟與認知#
- 沉沒成本(Sunk costs):已不可回收的專案投入
附錄二:本書原始章節對照#
本書以「規劃 → 建構 → 執行 → 收尾」四階段組織內容。下表為原書章節與本筆記章節的對照,方便讀者回溯原文:
| 原書章 | 標題 | 對應筆記位置 |
|---|---|---|
| Ch.1 | The Four Phases of Project Management | 01-overview/01-four-phases |
| Ch.2 | The Cast of Characters | 01-overview/02-cast-of-characters |
| Ch.3 | A Written Charter | 02-planning/01-written-charter |
| Ch.4 | Dealing with a Project’s Fuzzy Front End | 02-planning/02-fuzzy-front-end |
| Ch.5 | Performing a Project Premortem | 02-planning/03-project-premortem |
| Ch.6 | Will Project Creep Cost You—or Create Value? | 02-planning/04-project-creep |
| Ch.7 | Setting Priorities Before Starting Your Project | 03-build-up/01-set-priorities |
| Ch.8 | Boost Productivity with Time-Boxing | 03-build-up/02-time-boxing |
| Ch.9 | Scheduling the Work | 03-build-up/03-schedule-work |
| Ch.10 | HBR Case Study: A Rush to Failure? | 03-build-up/04-rush-to-failure |
| Ch.11 | Getting Your Project Off on the Right Foot | 03-build-up/05-right-foot |
| Ch.12 | The Discipline of Teams | 03-build-up/06-discipline-of-teams |
| Ch.13 | Effective Project Meetings | 04-implementation/01-effective-meetings |
| Ch.14 | The Adaptive Approach to Project Management | 04-implementation/02-adaptive-approach |
| Ch.15 | Why Good Projects Fail Anyway | 04-implementation/03-good-projects-fail |
| Ch.16 | Monitoring and Controlling Your Project | 04-implementation/04-monitor-control |
| Ch.17 | Managing People Problems on Your Team | 04-implementation/05-people-problems |
| Ch.18 | The Tools of Cooperation and Change | 04-implementation/06-tools-of-cooperation |
| Ch.19 | Don’t Throw Good Money (or Time) After Bad | 04-implementation/07-good-money-after-bad |
| Ch.20 | Handing off Authority and Control | 05-closeout/01-handing-off-control |
| Ch.21 | Capturing Lessons Learned | 05-closeout/02-lessons-learned |