以下依原書章次列出各章的參考文獻與註釋出處。書名、期刊名與外文人名一律保留原文，不予翻譯，以利查證。

第一章　全球視野下的心智#

  1. Howard Gardner, The Mind’s New Science: The History of the Cognitive Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 1985).
  2. Howard Gardner, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences (1983; repr., New York: Basic Books, 2004).
  3. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971).
  4. “The Battle for Brainpower,” The Economist, October 7, 2006, 3.
  5. See Jagdish Bhagwati, In Defense of Globalization (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); Thomas Friedman, The World Is Flat (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005); and Marcelo Suarez-Orozco and Desiree Qin-Hilliard, Globalization and Education (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004).

第二章　紀律心智#

  1. Alan Bennett, The History Boys (London: Faber & Faber, 2004).
  2. Lee S. Shulman, “Signature Pedagogies,” Daedalus, Summer 2005, 52–59.
  3. David Perkins, “Education for the Unknown” (paper presented at Harvard Project Zero, Cambridge, MA, March 5, 2006).
  4. Donald Schön, The Reflective Practitioner (New York: Basic Books, 1983).
  5. Arthur Rubinstein, My Many Years (New York: Knopf, 1980), 218–219, 258.
  6. Michael Maccoby, personal communication, October 11, 2006.

第三章　統合心智#

  1. Severs’s comments from personal communication, August 29, 2006.
  2. Gerald Holton, Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988).
  3. Clayton Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma (New York: Harper Business, 1997).
  4. Jim Collins, Good to Great and the Social Sectors (Boulder, CO: Jim Collins, 2005).
  5. Peter Galison, Einstein’s Clocks, Poincaré’s Maps: Empires of Time (New York: Norton, 2004).
  6. Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything (New York: Broadway, 2003), 1.
  7. Ibid., 476.
  8. Ken Wilber, A Brief History of Everything (Boston: Shambhala, 1996), 16.
  9. Ken Wilber, The Essential Ken Wilber (Boston: Shambhala, 1998), 7.
  10. Wilber, A Brief History of Everything, 42.
  11. Ibid., 72–73.
  12. Wilber, The Essential Ken Wilber, 113.
  13. C. P. Snow, The Search (London: Penguin, 1950), 243.
  14. John Gardner (1912–2002) was an outstanding American public servant. We were not related.
  15. Steven Johnson, “Tool for Thought,” New York Times Book Review, January 30, 2005, end piece.
  16. Richard Light, Making the Most of College (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001).
  17. Edward O. Wilson, Consilience (New York: Knopf, 1998).
  18. Vartan Gregorian, “Colleges Must Reconstruct the Unity of Knowledge,” Chronicle of Higher Education, June 4, 2004, B-12.
  19. Quoted in David Remnick, “The Wanderer,” The New Yorker, September 18, 2006, 65.

第四章　創造心智#

  1. Edward de Bono, Lateral Thinking (New York: Harper, 1973).
  2. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Creativity (New York: Harper Collins, 1996).
  3. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936; repr., New York: Prometheus, 1977).
  4. Quoted in Howard Gardner, Artful Scribbles (New York: Basic Books, 1982), 8.
  5. Howard Gardner, To Open Minds: Chinese Clues to the Dilemma of American Education (New York: Basic Books, 1989).
  6. Teresa Amabile, How to Kill Creativity (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000).
  7. Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind, The Smartest Guys in the Room (New York: Viking, 2004).
  8. Jeffrey Immelt, “Growth as a Process: The HBR Interview,” Harvard Business Review, June 2006.
  9. Gary Taubes, Bad Science: The Short Life and Weird Times of Cold Fusion (New York: Random House, 1993), xviii.
  10. Ibid., 112.
  11. Such books include J. R. Huizenga, Cold Fusion: The Scientific Farce of the Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994); Eugene F. Mallove, Fire from Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor (New York: John Wiley, 1991); Bart Simon, Undead Science (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002); and Taubes, Bad Science.
  12. Richard Florida, The Rise of the Creative Class (New York: Basic Books, 2003).
  13. Bill Joy, Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us: How 21st Century Technologies Threaten to Make Humans an Endangered Species (New York: Random House Audio, 2006).

第五章　尊重心智#

  1. Michael Balter, “First Jewelry? Old Shell Beads Suggest Early Use of Symbols,” Science 23, no. 5781 (2006): 1731.
  2. W. H. Auden, “September 1, 1939.”
  3. Margaret Talbot, “The Baby Lab: How Elizabeth Spelke Peers into the Infant Mind,” The New Yorker, September 4, 2006.
  4. Vivian Paley, You Can’t Say You Can’t Play (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993).
  5. Yarrow Dunham, A. S. Baron, and M. R. Banaji, “From American City to Japanese Village: A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Implicit Race Attitudes,” Child Development (forthcoming).
  6. Sara Lawrence-Lightfoot, Respect (New York: Perseus Books, 1999).
  7. James Atlas, Bellow: A Biography (New York: Modern Library, 2002), 574.
  8. Robert Payne, The Life and Death of Mahatma Gandhi (1969; repr., New York: Dutton, 1995), 412.
  9. Niall Ferguson, Empire (New York: Penguin, 2004), 335.
  10. Amy Edmondson, R. Bohmer, and G. Pisano, “Speeding Up Team Learning,” Harvard Business Review, October 2001.
  11. David Garvin and Michael Roberts, “What You Don’t Know About Making Decisions,” Harvard Business Review, September 2001.
  12. John Seely Brown, “Towards Respectful Organization,” in Organizations as Knowledge Systems, ed. Haridimos Tsoukas and Nikolaos Myolonopoulus (Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003).
  13. Rodney Kramer, “The Great Intimidators,” Harvard Business Review, February 2006.
  14. Samuel Oliner, Altruistic Personality (New York: Touchstone, 1992).
  15. Daniel Barenboim and Edward W. Said, Parallels and Paradoxes: Explorations in Music and Society (New York: Pantheon, 2002), 6, 10, 11.
  16. Alan Riding, “Harmony Across the Divide,” New York Times, August 20, 2006, Arts and Leisure, 1.
  17. Ibid.
  18. See www.silkroadproject.org/press/faq.html ↗.
  19. See Rudy Govier and Wilhelm Verwoerd, “Trust and the Problem of National Reconciliation,” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 32, no. 3 (2002): 187–205; Priscilla B. Hayner, “Fifteen Truth Commissions, 1974–1994: A Comparative Study,” Human Rights Quarterly 16, no. 4 (1994): 597–655; Charles O. Lerche, “Truth Commissions and National Reconciliation: Some Reflections on Theory and Practice,” http://www.gmu.edu/academic/pcs/LERCHE71PCS.html; ↗ and Martha Minow, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence (Boston: Beacon Press, 1998).
  20. Lerche, “Truth Commissions and National Reconciliation.”
  21. Minow, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness.

第六章　倫理心智#

  1. Howard Gardner, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and William Damon, Good Work: When Excellence and Ethics Meet (New York: Basic Books, 2001). Online at www.goodworkproject.org ↗.
  2. “The Ten Best Schools in the World and What We Can Learn from Them,” Newsweek, December 2, 1991, 50–59.
  3. Robert Putnam, Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Nanetti, Making Democracy Work (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994).
  4. Carolyn Edwards, Lella Gandini, and George Forman, eds., The Hundred Languages of Children (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1993). Harvard Project Zero, Making Learning Visible (Reggio Emilia, Italy: Reggio Children Publishers, 2001).
  5. Judith Rich Harris, The Nurture Assumption (New York: Free Press, 1999).
  6. Wendy Fischman, Becca Solomon, Deborah Greenspan, and Howard Gardner, Making Good: How Young People Cope with Moral Dilemmas at Work (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004).
  7. Transcript of interview with Steve Skowron, transmitted to author June 10, 2005.
  8. Compare this stance with John Hasnas, Trapped: When Acting Ethically Is Against the Law (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2006).
  9. Quoted in Peter J. Dougherty, Who’s Afraid of Adam Smith? How the Market Lost Its Soul (New York: Wiley, 2002), 6.
  10. Ibid., frontispiece; J. Sacks, To Heal a Fractured World: The Ethics of Responsibility (New York: Schocken, 2005).
  11. Elizabeth Kolbert, New Yorker, June 30, 2002.
  12. Paula Marshall, “Facing the Storm: The Closing of a Great Form” (paper prepared for the GoodWork Project, Cambridge, MA, 2004).
  13. Debbie Freier, “Compromised Work in the Public Accounting Profession: The Issue of Independence” (paper prepared for the GoodWork Project, Cambridge, MA, 2004).
  14. Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind, The Smartest Guys in the Room (New York: Viking, 2004).
  15. G. William Dauphinais and Colin Price, eds., Straight from the CEO (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 257.
  16. Quoted in “Summer Jobs,” New Yorker, July 4, 2005, 30.
  17. Peter Singer, Practical Ethics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999).
  18. Albert O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1970).
  19. Quoted in Ronald White, The Eloquent President (New York: Random House, 2005), 150.
  20. White, The Eloquent President, 260.
  21. Daniel Terris, Ethics at Work (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2005).
  22. Yo-Yo Ma, personal communication with the author, June 23, 2005.

第七章　結論#

  1. Benjamin Bloom, Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1956).
  2. Erik H. Erikson, Childhood and Society (New York: Norton, 1963).

關於作者#

郭爾（Howard Gardner）是哈佛教育研究所（Harvard Graduate School of Education）認知與教育學講座教授（John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education），並兼任哈佛大學心理學系客座教授與哈佛零點計畫（Harvard Project Zero）資深主任。

  • 學術貢獻：在教育界，他最為人所知的是多元智能理論（theory of multiple intelligences）——駁斥「人類只有單一智能、且可用標準心理計量工具測得」的觀點。二十多年來，他與零點計畫的同僚致力於設計實作導向的評量、為理解而教的教育、運用多元智能實現更個人化的課程與教學評量，以及探討教育中的跨學科整合。
  • 優質工作研究：自 1995 年起，他與心理學家契克森米哈伊（Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi）、戴蒙（William Damon）共同研究「優質工作（GoodWork）」——同時兼具卓越品質、個人投入與社會責任的工作。此計畫奠基於橫跨 9 種專業、逾 1,200 場的深度訪談，正將關鍵洞見傳遞給學生與年輕專業人士。
  • 著作：郭爾著有數百篇論文與二十餘本書，譯為二十六種語言，包括《Changing Minds》《Good Work》《The Disciplined Mind》《Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons》《The Development and Education of the Mind》，以及與 Wendy Fischman、Becca Solomon、Deborah Greenspan 合著的《Making Good》。
  • 榮譽：曾於 1981 年獲麥克阿瑟獎助（MacArthur Prize Fellowship）；1990 年成為首位獲頒路易斯維爾大學葛拉威梅耶教育獎（Grawemeyer Award in Education）的美國人；2000 年獲古根漢紀念基金會（John S. Guggenheim Memorial Foundation）獎助。他擁有二十一所大專院校（含愛爾蘭、義大利、以色列與智利的機構）頒授的榮譽學位，並為美國哲學學會、美國藝術與科學院及國家教育學院院士。
Backward 結論 致謝 Forward