詞義被誤解的字#
以下幾個是布萊森點名的常見錯解。
- quantum leap:已成陳腔濫調,且其「革命性大躍進」的通俗用法與物理本義相反——量子的「leap」是離散且可量度的小跳躍,並不必然戲劇化
- leading question:不是「具挑戰性、敵意」的問題,而是引導被問者朝特定答案靠攏的問題。律師對證人說 So you didn’t see the murder, did you? 即是 leading question
- quinquennial:可指「持續五年」也可指「每五年一次」,本身具歧義;建議改用更具體的說法
- query / inquiry / enquiry:query 是單一問題;inquiry / enquiry 可以是單一問題也可以是廣泛調查;多數英美字典偏好 inquiry
拼字陷阱#
Q 開頭的字屬冷門,但仍有幾個常見誤拼。
- Qantas:源自 Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Service,不是 Air 或 Services
- quadriplegia(四肢癱瘓):是 quadri-,不是 quadra-
- quadruped(四足動物):是 quadru-,不是 quadra- 或 quadri-;形容詞 quadrupedal
- quandary:不是 quandry 或 quandery
- Queen’s College, Oxford 但 Queens’ College, Cambridge:撇號位置不同
question mark 的隱喻濫用#
「a question hanging over…」這個說法已被用爛;再衍生出 raised a question mark over… 更是疊床架屋。
布萊森反問:
- 你不會在喜事上說 raised an exclamation mark over the proceedings
- 你也不會說 negotiations had a comma hanging over them
引文(quoting in fragments)的三大陷阱#
1. 不必要的零碎引號#
普通常用詞不需特別加引號:
- 不必要:said he was now feeling ‘better’
- 必要:said he was now feeling ‘almost human’(罕用且具描述性)
- 必要:added that ’loneliness is as common as the common cold in winter’(具警句性)
2. 時態破壞#
直接引語即使片段也須保留原時態。
例:受訪者說 That is not out of the question,新聞中則應寫:
- 錯:Sir Kenneth said that the hope of finding a buyer ‘was not out of the question’.
- 對:應改寫為間接引語,或保持 is
3. 把一人說的話塞進多人嘴裡#
- 錯:Witnesses… said that there was ‘a tremendous bang and then all hell broke loose’.(引號內是單人陳述)
- 改:用第三人稱改寫,或將引語歸於某一證人