詞義被誤解的字#

以下幾個是布萊森點名的常見錯解。

  • quantum leap:已成陳腔濫調,且其「革命性大躍進」的通俗用法與物理本義相反——量子的「leap」是離散且可量度的小跳躍,並不必然戲劇化
  • leading question:不是「具挑戰性、敵意」的問題,而是引導被問者朝特定答案靠攏的問題。律師對證人說 So you didn’t see the murder, did you? 即是 leading question
  • quinquennial:可指「持續五年」也可指「每五年一次」,本身具歧義;建議改用更具體的說法
  • query / inquiry / enquiryquery 是單一問題;inquiry / enquiry 可以是單一問題也可以是廣泛調查;多數英美字典偏好 inquiry

拼字陷阱#

Q 開頭的字屬冷門,但仍有幾個常見誤拼。

  • Qantas:源自 Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Service不是 AirServices
  • quadriplegia(四肢癱瘓):是 quadri-,不是 quadra-
  • quadruped(四足動物):是 quadru-,不是 quadra-quadri-;形容詞 quadrupedal
  • quandary:不是 quandryquandery
  • Queen’s College, OxfordQueens’ College, Cambridge:撇號位置不同

question mark 的隱喻濫用#

「a question hanging over…」這個說法已被用爛;再衍生出 raised a question mark over… 更是疊床架屋。

布萊森反問:

  • 你不會在喜事上說 raised an exclamation mark over the proceedings
  • 你也不會說 negotiations had a comma hanging over them

引文(quoting in fragments)的三大陷阱#

1. 不必要的零碎引號#

普通常用詞不需特別加引號:

  • 不必要:said he was now feeling ‘better’
  • 必要:said he was now feeling ‘almost human’(罕用且具描述性)
  • 必要:added that ’loneliness is as common as the common cold in winter’(具警句性)

2. 時態破壞#

直接引語即使片段也須保留原時態

例:受訪者說 That is not out of the question,新聞中則應寫:

  • 錯:Sir Kenneth said that the hope of finding a buyer ‘was not out of the question’.
  • 對:應改寫為間接引語,或保持 is

3. 把一人說的話塞進多人嘴裡#

  • 錯:Witnesses… said that there was ‘a tremendous bang and then all hell broke loose’.(引號內是單人陳述)
  • 改:用第三人稱改寫,或將引語歸於某一證人